Temporal Changes in Water Quality with Increasing Ambient Temperatures Affect the Distribution and Relative Abundance of 10 Species of Balitorid Fishes in Small Streams of Eastern Thailand

Author:

Tongnunui Sampan1,Beamish F. W. H.23,Sooksawat Treerat45ORCID,Wattanakornsiri Amnuay6ORCID,Chotwiwatthanakun Charoonroj7,Supiwong Weerayuth8,Intacharoen Prasarn9,Sudtongkong Chanyut10ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Conservation Biology, Mahidol University, Kanchanaburi Campus, Lum Sum, Sai York, Kanchanaburi 71150, Thailand

2. Environmental Science Program, Faculty of Science, Burapha University, Bangsean, Chonburi 20131, Thailand

3. Department of Zoology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G2W1, Canada

4. Visiting Professor Program, Conservation Biology, Mahidol University, Kanchanaburi Campus, Lum Sum, Sai York, Kanchanaburi 71150, Thailand

5. Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand

6. Department of Agriculture and Environment, Faculty of Science and Technology, Surindra Rajabhat University, Mueang, Surin 32000, Thailand

7. Nakhonsawan Campus, Mahidol University, Nakhonsawan 60130, Thailand

8. Faculty of Interdisciplinary Studies, Khon Kaen University, Nong Khai Campus, Mueang, Nong Khai 43000, Thailand

9. Department of Aquatic Science, Faculty of Science, Burapha University, Bangsean, Chonburi 20131, Thailand

10. Department of Marine Science and Environment, Faculty of Science and Fisheries Technology, Rajamangala University of Technology Srivijaya, Trang Campus, Sikao, Trang 92150, Thailand

Abstract

Stream degradation increases with high anthropogenic activity and climate variability, while declines occur in biodiversity. However, few studies have been undertaken on tropical waterways, a major impediment to biodiversity conservation. The present study was conducted on 95 relatively pristine small streams in Eastern Thailand with 10 reasonably uncommon species of balitorid fishes. Measurements were made of 21 physical and chemical factors and the substrate particle size. Stepwise regression identified the direct importance of substrate particle size and nitrate on the species’ richness of balitorids, whereas its abundance was negatively related with iron concentrations. A Canonical Correspondence Analysis identified three fish groups: the 1st group was negatively correlated with ammonia and positively correlated with dissolved silica, the 2nd group was positively correlated with substrate particle size and negatively correlated with stream ambient temperature and ammonia concentration, and the 3rd group was negatively correlated with low dissolved silica, respectively. The results of this study may indicate the vulnerability of balitorids under climate warming and anthropogenic pressure that alter the water physicochemical factors and river degradation including the substrate type. Thus, a conservation framework should be provided regarding the limits for water temperature, ammonia, and iron in Thailand’s Water Quality Criteria to better protect its freshwater ecosystem. Balitorid is a potential bioindicator for evaluating the river temperature effect in combination with ammonia nutrient stressors as long as the way-of-life habits of the species are taken into account.

Funder

National Research Council of Thailand, NRCT

National Science and Technology Development Agency, NSTDA

Publisher

MDPI AG

Subject

Water Science and Technology,Aquatic Science,Geography, Planning and Development,Biochemistry

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