Dermacentor variabilis Does Not Transstadially Transmit the U.S. Isolate of Theileria orientalis Ikeda: A Controlled Acquisition and Transmission Study

Author:

Onzere Cynthia K.1,Hassan Amany12ORCID,Herndon David R.3,Oyen Kennan13,Poh Karen C.13,Scoles Glen A.4ORCID,Fry Lindsay M.13

Affiliation:

1. Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA

2. Department of Animal Medicine, The Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Alexandria, Alexandria 21944, Egypt

3. Animal Disease Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Pullman, WA 99164, USA

4. Invasive Insect Biocontrol and Behavior Laboratory, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA

Abstract

Theileria orientalis Ikeda, an emerging U.S. bovine hemoparasite, causes anemia, abortion, ill-thrift, and occasionally death. While Haemaphysalis longicornis is the primary vector, it is possible that other U.S. ticks are capable of parasite transmission and may contribute to disease spread. Dermacentor variabilis is highly prevalent in the U.S., exhibits a similar geographical distribution to T. orientalis, and is a competent vector of the related parasite, Theileria equi. Herein, we conducted controlled acquisition and transmission studies using splenectomized calves to assess whether D. variabilis can transstadially transmit T. orientalis. D. variabilis nymphs were applied to an infected, splenectomized calf for parasite acquisition and subsequently incubated to molt into adults. Freshly molted adults were applied to two splenectomized T. orientalis-naïve calves to investigate parasite transmission. Calves were monitored for 59 days, and no evidence of parasite transmission was detected using PCR for the T. orientalis Ikeda major piroplasm surface protein gene, blood smear cytology, complete blood counts, or physical examination. Salivary glands from a subset of D. variabilis adults were assessed for T. orientalis using PCR, and the parasite was not detected. These findings support the conclusion that D. variabilis is not capable of transstadial transmission of the U.S. T. orientalis Ikeda isolate.

Funder

USDA-ARS

Publisher

MDPI AG

Subject

General Earth and Planetary Sciences,General Environmental Science

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