Soil Stabilization Using Zein Biopolymer

Abstract

The characterization and analysis of the cementation properties of novel biopolymer binders in soils are essential for their potential application in geotechnical engineering. This study investigates the cementation effect of a novel zein biopolymer binder on sandy soils. Soil specimens are mixed with various contents of zein biopolymer ranging from 0 to 5%. The mechanical and microscopic characteristics of the treated specimens are evaluated using unconfined compression tests and scanning electron microscopy, respectively, after curing for 3, 7, and 28 days. The results show a consistent increase in compressive strength and elastic modulus of treated soils with increasing curing periods and biopolymer contents. A small amount (1%) of zein biopolymer increases soil strength and elasticity regardless of gradation. Additionally, the bonding force between the soil–zein biopolymer increases linearly with soil uniformity. Therefore, the application of zein biopolymer can be potentially used as a binder for fine- and coarse-grained soils in geotechnical engineering considering its stabilization and sustainability properties.