Enhancement of Hydrophilicity of Nano-Pitted TiO2 Surface Using Phosphoric Acid Etching

Author:

Koppány Ferenc1ORCID,Csomó Krisztián Benedek1ORCID,Varmuzsa Edvárd Márton1,Bognár Eszter2,Pelyhe Liza2,Nagy Péter2,Kientzl Imre2,Szabó Dániel2,Weszl Miklós3,Dobos Gábor4,Lenk Sándor4ORCID,Erdei Gábor4ORCID,Kiss Gábor4,Nagy Lilien5,Sréter Attila6,Belik Andrea Alexandra7,Tóth Zsuzsanna8,Vág János8,Joób-Fancsaly Árpád1,Németh Zsolt1ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Department of Oro-Maxillofacial Surgery and Stomatology, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary

2. FERR-VÁZ Kft, 1161 Budapest, Hungary

3. Department of Translational Sciences, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary

4. Department of Atomic Physics, Institute of Physics, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, 1111 Budapest, Hungary

5. Department of Prosthodontics, Semmelweis University, 1088 Budapest, Hungary

6. Faculty of Dentistry, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary

7. Department of Molecular Biology, Semmelweis University, 1094 Budapest, Hungary

8. Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics, Semmelweis University, 1088 Budapest, Hungary

Abstract

Our research group developed a novel nano-pitted (NP) TiO2 surface on grade 2 titanium that showed good mechanical, osteogenic, and antibacterial properties; however, it showed weak hydrophilicity. Our objective was to develop a surface treatment method to enhance the hydrophilicity of the NP TiO2 surface without the destruction of the nano-topography. The effects of dilute and concentrated orthophosphoric (H3PO4) and nitric acids were investigated on wettability using contact angle measurement. Optical profilometry and atomic force microscopy were used for surface roughness measurement. The chemical composition of the TiO2 surface and the oxidation state of Ti was investigated using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The ccH3PO4 treatment significantly increased the wettability of the NP TiO2 surfaces (30°) compared to the untreated control (88°). The quantity of the absorbed phosphorus significantly increased following ccH3PO4 treatment compared to the control and caused the oxidation state of titanium to decrease (Ti4+ → Ti3+). Owing to its simplicity and robustness the presented surface treatment method may be utilized in the industrial-scale manufacturing of titanium implants.

Funder

REA

Publisher

MDPI AG

Subject

General Materials Science,General Chemical Engineering

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