N, S Co-Coordinated Zinc Single-Atom Catalysts for N-Alkylation of Aromatic Amines with Alcohols: The Role of S-Doping in the Reaction

Abstract

S-doping emerged as a promising approach to further improve the catalytic performance of carbon-based materials for organic synthesis. Herein, a facile and gram-scale strategy was developed using zeolitic imidazole frameworks (ZIFs) as a precursor for the fabrication of the ZIF-derived N, S co-doped carbon-supported zinc single-atom catalyst (CNS@Zn1-AA) via the pyrolysis of S-doped ZIF-8, which was modified by aniline, ammonia and thiourea and prepared by one-pot ball milling at room temperature. This catalyst, in which Zn is dispersed as the single atom, displays superior activity in N-alkylation via the hydrogen-borrowing strategy (120 °C, turnover frequency (TOF) up to 8.4 h−1). S-doping significantly enhanced the catalytic activity of CNS@Zn1-AA, as it increased the specific surface area and defects of this material and simultaneously increased the electron density of Zn sites in this catalyst. Furthermore, this catalyst had excellent stability and recyclability, and no obvious loss in activity after eight runs.