The Role of Vitamin D in Autoimmune Thyroid Diseases: A Narrative Review

Author:

Czarnywojtek Agata12,Florek Ewa3ORCID,Pietrończyk Krzysztof4,Sawicka-Gutaj Nadia2ORCID,Ruchała Marek2ORCID,Ronen Ohad5,Nixon Iain J.6,Shaha Ashok R.7,Rodrigo Juan Pablo8ORCID,Tufano Ralph Patrick9,Zafereo Mark10ORCID,Randolph Gregory William11ORCID,Ferlito Alfio12ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Department of Pharmacology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-806 Poznan, Poland

2. Chair and Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Internal Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-355 Poznan, Poland

3. Laboratory of Environmental Research, Department of Toxicology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Dojazd 30 Street, 60-631 Poznan, Poland

4. Voivodal Specialistic Hospital in Olsztyn, 10-561 Olsztyn, Poland

5. Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Galilee Medical Center, Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Tel Awiw 5290002, Israel

6. Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Edinburgh Royal Infirmary, Edinburgh EH8 9YL, UK

7. Head and Neck Service, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA

8. Department of Otolaryngology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Fundación de Investigación e Innovación Biosanitaria del Principado de Asturias, and Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, University of Oviedo, 33011 Oviedo, Spain

9. Multidisciplinary Thyroid and Parathyroid Center, Head and Neck Endocrine Surgery, Sarasota Memorial Health Care System, Sarasota, FL 34239, USA

10. Department of Head & Neck Surgery, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77005, USA

11. Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA

12. Coordinator of the International Head and Neck Scientific Group, 35100 Padua, Italy

Abstract

Vitamin D (VitD) deficiency has garnered significant attention in contemporary medical research. Although the canonical biological activity of VitD manifests itself mainly in the regulation of calcium-phosphorus metabolism, recent studies show that, thanks to the presence of numerous receptors, VitD may also play an important role in regulating the immune system. VitD deficiency has been demonstrated to impact autoimmune disease, coeliac disease, infections (including respiratory/COVID-19), and patients with cancer. Recent studies also show that VitD plays a significant role in autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITDs). Many studies have shown a correlation between low VitD levels and chronic autoimmune thyroiditis – Hashimoto thyroiditis (HT), Graves’ disease (GD), and postpartum thyroiditis (PPT). This review article, therefore, describes the current state of knowledge on the role of VitD in AITDs, including HT, GD, and PTT.

Publisher

MDPI AG

Subject

General Medicine

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