Trees in Sponge Cities—A Systematic Review of Trees as a Component of Blue-Green Infrastructure, Vegetation Engineering Principles, and Stormwater Management

Author:

Richter Michael1ORCID,Heinemann Kirya1,Meiser Nadine1,Dickhaut Wolfgang1

Affiliation:

1. Department of Environmentally Sound Urban and Infrastructure Planning, HafenCity University Hamburg, 20457 Hamburg, Germany

Abstract

Combining street trees with stormwater management measures can, in some circumstances, both increase tree vitality and reduce the risk of flooding by directing stormwater into tree pits. Using systematic review methods, this study aimed to provide an overview of the vegetation engineering systems being researched and applied that combine tree planting with urban stormwater management. We also sought to identify the positive as well as possible negative impacts on urban hydrology and tree health. It has been shown that diverting rainwater from impervious surfaces into tree pits has considerable potential for stormwater management and for improving tree health by reducing drought stress in urban trees. Worldwide approaches to optimizing tree pits for rainwater infiltration and water supply are promising. Different systems and substrate types have been tested, and street trees generally show good vitality, although systematic long-term monitoring of tree vitality has rarely been undertaken. There is still a need for research into temporary water storage for dry periods.

Funder

German Federal Ministry for the Education and Research

Publisher

MDPI AG

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