Evidence of Circulation and Phylogenetic Analysis of Hepatitis E Virus (HEV) in Wild Boar in South-East Italy

Author:

La Bella Gianfranco1ORCID,Basanisi Maria Grazia1ORCID,Nobili Gaia1ORCID,Coppola Rosa1,Damato Annita Maria1,Donatiello Adelia1ORCID,Occhiochiuso Gilda1,Romano Antonella Cristina1ORCID,Toce Mariateresa1,Palazzo Lucia1,Pellegrini Francesco2ORCID,Fanelli Angela2ORCID,Di Martino Barbara3ORCID,Suffredini Elisabetta4ORCID,Lanave Gianvito2ORCID,Martella Vito2ORCID,La Salandra Giovanna1

Affiliation:

1. Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Puglia e della Basilicata, 71121 Foggia, Italy

2. Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70010 Bari, Italy

3. Department of Veterinary Medicine, Università degli Studi di Teramo, 64100 Teramo, Italy

4. Department of Food Safety Nutrition and Veterinary Public Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy

Abstract

Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is an important cause of acute viral hepatitis in humans worldwide. The food-borne transmission of HEV appears to be a major route in Europe through the consumption of pork and wild boar meat. HEV epidemiology in wild boars has been investigated mainly in Northern and Central Italian regions, whilst information from Southern Italy is limited. We investigated the occurrence of HEV in wild boar in the Apulia and Basilicata regions (Southern Italy). Thirteen (10.4%) out of one hundred and twenty-five wild boar samples tested positive for HEV using a quantitative reverse transcription PCR. HEV prevalence was 12% in Apulia and 9.3% in Basilicata. Seven samples were genotyped, and different subtypes (c, f, m) of genotype 3 were identified. The complete genome of a 3m strain was determined, and the virus showed the highest nucleotide identity to a human HEV strain identified in France in 2017. These findings demonstrate the substantial circulation of HEV in the wild boar population in Italian Southern regions. Gathering information on the HEV strains circulating in different geographical areas is useful for tracking the origin of HEV outbreaks and assessing the epidemiological role of wild boar as a potential virus reservoir for domestic pigs.

Funder

Ministero della Salute

Publisher

MDPI AG

Subject

Virology,Infectious Diseases

Reference73 articles.

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2. World Health Organization (WHO) (2023, February 01). Hepatitis E. Available online: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/hepatitis-e.

3. Hepatitis E virus infection;Kamar;Nat. Rev. Dis. Primers,2017

4. Recent knowledge on hepatitis E virus in Suidae reservoirs and transmission routes to human;Pavio;Vet. Res.,2017

5. Scientific Opinion on the public health risks associated with hepatitis E virus (HEV) as a food-borne pathogen;Ricci;EFSA J.,2017

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