1. College of Geographical Sciences, Harbin Normal University, Harbin 150025, China
2. Heilongjiang Province Key Laboratory of Geographical Environment Monitoring and Spatial Information Service in Cold Regions, Harbin Normal University, Harbin 150025, China
3. Key Laboratory of Environmental Change and Natural Disaster of Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
4. Jilin Emergency Warning Information Dissemination Center, Changchun 130062, China