VEGFC Gene Expression Is Associated with Tumor Progression and Disease-Free Survival in Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Author:

García-Pérez Omar12ORCID,Melgar-Vilaplana Leticia3,Sifaoui Inés2,Śmietańska Aleksandra4,Córdoba-Lanús Elizabeth25ORCID,Fernández-de-Misa Ricardo126

Affiliation:

1. Research Unit, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, 38010 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain

2. Instituto Universitario de Enfermedades Tropicales y Salud Pública de Canarias (IUETSPC), Universidad de La Laguna, 38200 San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain

3. Pathology Department, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, Ctra. Gral. del Rosario, 145, 38010 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain

4. Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University Wroclaw, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland

5. Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, CIBERINFEC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain

6. Dermatology Department, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, Ctra. Gral. del Rosario, 145, 38010 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain

Abstract

Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC) is one of the most common cancers in the skin. CSCC belongs to the non-melanoma skin cancers, and its incidence is increasing every year around the world. The principal routes of tumor progression are related to angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis. In this study, we assess the gene expression of the relevant biomarkers of both routes in 49 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) CSCC samples in an attempt to determine a molecular profile that correlates with the tumor progression and disease-free survival (DFS). The results were enhanced by a posttranscriptional analysis using an immunofluorescence assay. Overexpression of the vascular endothelial growth factor C (VEGFC) gene was found in patients with tumor progression (p = 0.022) and in patients with perineural invasion (p = 0.030). An increased expression of protein VEGFC in samples with tumor progression supported these results (p = 0.050). In addition, DFS curves showed differences (p = 0.027) for tumors with absent-low VEGFC expression versus those with high levels of VEGFC expression. No significant influence on DFS was detected for the remaining analyzed genes. VEGFC expression was found to be a risk factor in the disease progression (HR = 2.675; 95% CI: 1.089–6.570; p = 0.032). Our main results suggest that VEGFC gene expression is closely related to tumor progression, DFS, and the presence of perineural invasion.

Funder

Fundación CajaCanarias

Fundación Canaria Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Canarias

Fundación Disa

Publisher

MDPI AG

Subject

Inorganic Chemistry,Organic Chemistry,Physical and Theoretical Chemistry,Computer Science Applications,Spectroscopy,Molecular Biology,General Medicine,Catalysis

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