Long COVID: Molecular Mechanisms and Detection Techniques
-
Published:2023-12-28
Issue:1
Volume:25
Page:408
-
ISSN:1422-0067
-
Container-title:International Journal of Molecular Sciences
-
language:en
-
Short-container-title:IJMS
Author:
Constantinescu-Bercu Adela1, Lobiuc Andrei1, Căliman-Sturdza Olga Adriana12ORCID, Oiţă Radu Cristian3, Iavorschi Monica1, Pavăl Naomi-Eunicia1, Șoldănescu Iuliana3, Dimian Mihai34ORCID, Covasa Mihai15
Affiliation:
1. Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Biological Sciences, “Ştefan cel Mare” University of Suceava, 720229 Suceava, Romania 2. Suceava Emergency Clinical County Hospital, 720224 Suceava, Romania 3. Integrated Center for Research, Development and Innovation for Advanced Materials, Nanotechnologies, Manufacturing and Control Distributed Systems (MANSiD), Ştefan cel Mare University of Suceava, 720229 Suceava, Romania 4. Department of Computers, Electronics and Automation, Ştefan cel Mare University of Suceava, 720229 Suceava, Romania 5. Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91711, USA
Abstract
Long COVID, also known as post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC), has emerged as a significant health concern following the COVID-19 pandemic. Molecular mechanisms underlying the occurrence and progression of long COVID include viral persistence, immune dysregulation, endothelial dysfunction, and neurological involvement, and highlight the need for further research to develop targeted therapies for this condition. While a clearer picture of the clinical symptomatology is shaping, many molecular mechanisms are yet to be unraveled, given their complexity and high level of interaction with other metabolic pathways. This review summarizes some of the most important symptoms and associated molecular mechanisms that occur in long COVID, as well as the most relevant molecular techniques that can be used in understanding the viral pathogen, its affinity towards the host, and the possible outcomes of host-pathogen interaction.
Funder
Ministry of Research, Innovation and Digitization, CNCS—UEFISCDI
Subject
Inorganic Chemistry,Organic Chemistry,Physical and Theoretical Chemistry,Computer Science Applications,Spectroscopy,Molecular Biology,General Medicine,Catalysis
Reference148 articles.
1. Evolution of antibody immunity to SARS-CoV-2;Gaebler;Nature,2021 2. Persistent serum protein signatures define an inflammatory subcategory of long COVID;Talla;Nat. Commun.,2023 3. Espín, E., Yang, C., Shannon, C.P., Assadian, S., He, D., and Tebbutt, S.J. (2023). Cellular and molecular biomarkers of long COVID: A scoping review. eBioMedicine, 91. 4. Kopplin, N., Garcia, A., Reczek, A., Wilkinson, K., Yekkaluri, S., Murphy, C.C., Tiro, J., Muthukumar, A.R., Masica, A., and Singal, A.G. (2023). Post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 and longitudinal antibody levels in a community-based cohort. PLoS ONE, 18. 5. Mitroi, R., Padureanu, V., Mitrea, A., Protasiewicz Timofticiuc, D.C., Rosu, M.M., Clenciu, D., Enescu, A., Padureanu, R., Tenea Cojan, T.S., and Vladu, I.M. (2023). Prothrombotic status in COVID-19 with diabetes mellitus (Review). Biomed. Rep., 19.
|
|