Enhancing Wastewater Depollution: Sustainable Biosorption Using Chemically Modified Chitosan Derivatives for Efficient Removal of Heavy Metals and Dyes
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Published:2024-06-03
Issue:11
Volume:17
Page:2724
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ISSN:1996-1944
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Container-title:Materials
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language:en
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Short-container-title:Materials
Author:
Ayach Jana12, Duma Luminita2, Badran Adnan3, Hijazi Akram1ORCID, Martinez Agathe2, Bechelany Mikhael45ORCID, Baydoun Elias6, Hamad Hussein1ORCID
Affiliation:
1. Research Platform for Environmental Science (PRASE), Doctoral School of Science and Technology, Lebanese University, Beirut P.O. Box 657314, Lebanon 2. CNRS, ICMR UMR 7312, University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, 51687 Reims, France 3. Department of Nutrition, University of Petra, Amman P.O Box 961343, Jordan 4. Institut Européen des Membranes (IEM), UMR-5635, University of Montpellier, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier (ENSCM), Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier, France 5. Functional Materials Group, Gulf University for Science and Technology (GUST), Mubarak Al-Abdullah 32093, Kuwait 6. Department of Biology, American University of Beirut, Beirut P.O. Box 110236, Lebanon
Abstract
Driven by concerns over polluted industrial wastewater, particularly heavy metals and dyes, this study explores biosorption using chemically cross-link chitosan derivatives as a sustainable and cost-effective depollution method. Chitosan cross-linking employs either water-soluble polymers and agents like glutaraldehyde or copolymerization of hydrophilic monomers with a cross-linker. Chemical cross-linking of polymers has emerged as a promising approach to enhance the wet-strength properties of materials. The chitosan thus extracted, as powder or gel, was used to adsorb heavy metals (lead (Pb2+) and copper (Cu2+)) and dyes (methylene blue (MB) and crystal violet (CV)). Extensive analysis of the physicochemical properties of both the powder and hydrogel adsorbents was conducted using a range of analytical techniques, including Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), as well as 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). To gain a comprehensive understanding of the sorption process, the effect of contact time, pH, concentration, and temperature was investigated. The adsorption capacity of chitosan powder for Cu(II), Pb(II), methylene blue (MB), and crystal violet (CV) was subsequently determined as follows: 99, 75, 98, and 80%, respectively. In addition, the adsorption capacity of chitosan hydrogel for Cu(II), Pb(II), MB, and CV was as follows: 85, 95, 85, and 98%, respectively. The experimental data obtained were analyzed using the Langmuir, Freundlich, and Dubinin–Radushkevich isotherm models. The isotherm study revealed that the adsorption equilibrium is well fitted to the Freundlich isotherm (R2 = 0.998), and the sorption capacity of both chitosan powder and hydrogel was found to be exceptionally high (approximately 98%) with the adsorbent favoring multilayer adsorption. Besides, Dubinin has given an indication that the sorption process was dominated by Van der Waals physical forces at all studied temperatures.
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