Internal Consistency and Floor/Ceiling Effects of the Gross Motor Function Measure for Use with Children Affected by Cancer: A Cross-Sectional Study

Author:

Rossi Francesca1ORCID,Valle Monica2,Galeoto Giovanni3ORCID,Tofani Marco45ORCID,Berchialla Paola6ORCID,Sciannameo Veronica6ORCID,Bertin Daniele7,Calcagno Annalisa8,Casalaz Roberto9,Cerboneschi Margherita10,Cervo Marta10,Cornelli Annalisa11,Di Pede Chiara12,Esposito Maria2,Ferrarese Miriana13,Imazio Paola14,Lorenzon Maria12,Longo Lucia13,Martinuzzi Andrea12ORCID,Naretto Gabriella14,Orsini Nicoletta8,Panzeri Daniele15ORCID,Pellegrini Chiara16,Peranzoni Michela17,Picone Fabiola10,Rabusin Marco9,Ricci Federica2ORCID,Zigrino Claudia18ORCID,Zucchetti Giulia7ORCID,Fagioli Franca7ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Rehabilitation Service, Public Health and Paediatric Sciences Department, A.O.U. Città della Salute e della Scienza—Regina Margherita Children Hospital, 10126 Turin, Italy

2. Department of Public Health and Pediatrics Sciences, University of Turin, 10124 Turin, Italy

3. Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy

4. Department of Life Sciences, Health and Allied Healthcare Professions, Università degli Studi “Link Campus University”, Via del Casale di San Pio V 44, 00165 Rome, Italy

5. Management and Diagnostic Innovations & Clinical Pathways Research Area, Professional Development, Continuous Education and Research Service, IRCCS, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, 00165 Rome, Italy

6. Epidemiology and Public Health, Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, 10124 Turin, Italy

7. Pediatric Oncohematology, Stem Cell Transplantation and Cell Therapy Division, A.O.U. Città della Salute e della Scienza—Regina Margherita Children’s Hospital, 10126 Turin, Italy

8. Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Department, Children’s Hospital Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genoa, Italy

9. Paediatric Oncohematology Unit, Institute for Maternal and Child Health—IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, 34137 Trieste, Italy

10. Rehabilitation Department, IRCCS, Meyer Children’s Hospital, 50139 Firenze, Italy

11. Pediatric Oncology Department, ASST Papa Giovanni XXIII, 24127 Bergamo, Italy

12. Neuromotor Rehabilitation Unit, Scientific Institute, IRCCS E. Medea, 31015 Conegliano, Italy

13. Health Professions of Rehabilitation Sciences Master’s Degree, Clinical and Biological Sciences Department, University of Turin, 10124 Turin, Italy

14. Rehabilitation Department of Pediatric Orthopedics Unit, A.O.U. Città della Salute e della Scienza—Regina Margherita Children’s Hospital, 10126 Turin, Italy

15. Neuro-Oncological Rehabilitation Unit, Scientific Institute IRCCS E. Medea, 23842 Bosisio Parini, Italy

16. Palliative Care, Pain Therapy and Rehabilitation Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, 20133 Milan, Italy

17. Department of Physiotherapy, Hospital of Bolzano, 39100 Bolzano, Italy

18. Unit for Severe Disabilities in Developmental Age and Young Adults (Developmental Neurology and Neurorehabilitation), Scientific Institute IRCCS “Eugenio Medea”, 72100 Brindisi, Italy

Abstract

Children/adolescents with cancer can develop adverse effects impacting gross motor function. There is a lack of gross motor function assessment tools that have been validated for this population. The aim of this multicenter cross-sectional study was to preliminary validate the 88-item Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM-88) for use in children/adolescents with cancer, exploring internal consistency and floor/ceiling effect. Inclusion criteria regarded children/adolescents diagnosed with cancer on treatment or <1 year off therapy. The internal consistency was assessed using Cronbach’s α, and the floor–ceiling effects were calculated through percentage. This study involved 217 participants with heterogeneous neoplasm conditions. Internal consistency was good, with a Cronbach’s α of 0.989. Floor–ceiling effect analysis reveals that several items obtained a dichotomous scoring distribution in each of the five sub-scales of the GMFM-88. This can be explained by the heterogeneous clinical characteristics of the target population. The preliminary validation of GMFM-88 in a group of children/adolescents affected by cancer suggests that some items are not able to discriminate between different gross motor function levels, and therefore it does not represent an informative tool to measure gross motor function in children with cancer. Future research is needed to define which ones could be more useful for clinical practice.

Funder

Italian Ministry of Health

Publisher

MDPI AG

Reference63 articles.

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2. Long-term effects of cancer therapy in children—Functional effects, late mortality and long-term follow-up;Skinner;Paediatr. Child Health,2012

3. 11th International Conference on Long-Term Complications of Treatment of Children and Adolescents for Cancer;Green;Forward. Pediatr. Blood Cancer,2012

4. Ibanez, K., Andrews, C.C., Daunter, A., Gilchrist, L., Morris, B., and Ward, L. (2022). Pediatric Oncology Rehabilitation, McGraw Hill.

5. Bone tumors: Osteosarcoma and Ewing’s sarcoma;Heare;Curr. Opin. Pediatr.,2009

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