Long-Term Anaerobic Structured Fixed-Bed Reactor Operation for Domestic Sewage Treatment: Performance and Metal Dynamics

Author:

Silva Julliana Alves da1,Braga Adriana F. M.2,Quartaroli Larissa1ORCID,Fermoso Fernando G.3ORCID,Zaiat Marcelo2ORCID,Silva Gustavo H. R. da2ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Av. Engenheiro Luiz Edmundo Carrijo Coube, 14-01, Vargem Limpa, Bauru 17033-360, SP, Brazil

2. Biological Processes Laboratory, Center for Research, Development and Innovation in Environmental Engineering, São Carlos School of Engineering (EESC), University of São Paulo (USP), Engenharia AmbientalBloco 4-F, Av. João Dagnone, 1100-Santa Angelina, São Carlos 13563-120, SP, Brazil

3. Instituto de la Grasa (C.S.I.C.), Campus Universitario Pablo de Olavide, Edificio 46, Ctra. de Utrera, km. 1, 41013 Sevilla, Spain

Abstract

To achieve optimal performance, anaerobic digestion (AD) requires well-balanced operation conditions, steady physical–chemical conditions, and adequate nutrient concentrations. The use of anaerobic structured-bed reactor (ASTBR) presents these conditions. However, several additional investigations are required to elucidate robustness to treat domestic sewage (DS). This pioneering study investigated the performance of an ASTBR in treating DS across four decreasing hydraulic retention times (HRTs) (12, 8, 6, and 5 h). The study aimed to assess organic matter removal, the influence on physical–chemical parameters, and the monitoring of trace metals (TMs) during long-term operation (614 days). Overall, the results underscore the viability of employing ASTBR for DS treatment, achieving an average chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal efficiency of 70%. The system demonstrated consistent long-term operation over 614 days, maintaining stability even with decreasing hydraulic retention times (HRTs). The average effluent concentration of volatile fatty acids (VFAs) was 20.4 ± 3.3 mg L−1, with a pH value averaging 7.2 ± 0.1. TM concentrations at an HRT of 12 h exhibited higher levels in the effluent compared to the influent, gradually decreasing over the course of operation and ultimately stabilizing at levels similar to those observed in the influent. The concentrations of metals, including Ba, Cr, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, Se, and Zn, monitored in the effluent samples adhered to the allowable discharge thresholds as stipulated by Brazilian regulations.

Funder

Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel

National Council for Scientific and Technological Development

São Paulo Research Foundation

Publisher

MDPI AG

Reference50 articles.

1. National Water Agency (2021, November 23). Update of the Database of Sewage Treatment Stations in Brazil. 2020, Brazilia. Available online: https://www.saneamentobasico.com.br/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/encarteatlasesgotos_etes.pdf.

2. (2021, December 17). United Nations: Sustainable Development Goals. Available online: https://sdgs.un.org/goals.

3. Chernicharo, C.A.L. (2017). Anaerobic Reactors, IWA Publishing.

4. Solution of a heterogeneous modeling of a horizontal-flow anaerobic immobilized biomass (HAIB) reactor by the sequencing method;Cuel;Can. J. Civ. Eng.,2011

5. Continuous anaerobic bioreactor with a fixed-structure bed (ABFSB) for wastewater treatment with low solids and low applied organic loading content;Mockaitis;Bioprocess Biosyst. Eng.,2014

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