Global Value Chains and Industry 4.0 in the Context of Lean Workplaces for Enhancing Company Performance and Its Comprehension via the Digital Readiness and Expertise of Workforce in the V4 Nations

Abstract

Industry 4.0 affects nearly every aspect of life by making it more technologically advanced, creative, environmentally friendly and ultimately, more interconnected. It also represents the beginning of the interconnectedness and metaverse associated with Industry 5.0. This issue is becoming decisive for advancement in all areas of life, including science. The primary goal of this study is to concisely explain how current Industry 4.0 trends might interact with existing work systems in global value chains to accelerate their operational activity in the context of firms from the Visegrad Four (V4) nations. Through an examination of the digital abilities in these nations, the purpose of the study is also to demonstrate how well citizens, employees, and end users are able to comprehend the problem at hand. The most recent resources for the topics are covered in the first section of the work. The next one uses graphic analysis and mutual comparison methods, generally comparing existing data over time; it is secondary research, and through these methods the Industry 4.0 applications can significantly speed up the work process itself when compared to the traditional lean process, primarily because of its digital structure. It is difficult to predict which of the V4 will be digitally prepared, as the precedent shifts are based on distinct indicators; therefore, it is crucial that all V4 nations expand their digital adaptability dramatically each year, primarily as a result of spending on scientific research, and education that is organised appropriately. The extra value of this effort may be attributed to how lean processes are intertwined with the Industry 4.0 trend’s digital experience, which already includes the Industry 5.0 trend’s artificial intelligence and metaverse, which represent the potential for further research in the future.