Effects of Endohedral Gd-Containing Fullerenols with a Different Number of Oxygen Substituents on Bacterial Bioluminescence
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Published:2024-01-05
Issue:2
Volume:25
Page:708
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ISSN:1422-0067
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Container-title:International Journal of Molecular Sciences
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language:en
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Short-container-title:IJMS
Author:
Stepin Evsei A.1, Sushko Ekaterina S.123ORCID, Vnukova Natalia G.34, Churilov Grigoriy N.34, Rogova Anastasia V.56ORCID, Tomilin Felix N.356ORCID, Kudryasheva Nadezhda S.12ORCID
Affiliation:
1. Biophysics Department, School of Fundamental Biology and Biotechnology, Siberian Federal University, 660041 Krasnoyarsk, Russia 2. Institute of Biophysics SB RAS, FRC KSC SB RAS, 660036 Krasnoyarsk, Russia 3. Institute of Physics SB RAS, FRC KSC SB RAS, 660036 Krasnoyarsk, Russia 4. Department of Solid State Physics and Nanotechnology, School of Engineering Physics and Radioelectronics, Siberian Federal University, 660074 Krasnoyarsk, Russia 5. Department of Physical and Inorganic Chemistry, School of Non-Ferrous Metals and Materials Science, Siberian Federal University, 660025 Krasnoyarsk, Russia 6. Laboratory for Digital Controlled Drugs and Theranostics, FRC KSC SB RAS, 660036 Krasnoyarsk, Russia
Abstract
Gadolinium (Gd)-containing fullerenols are perspective agents for magnetic resonance imaging and cancer research. They combine the unique paramagnetic properties of Gd with solubility in water, low toxicity and antiradical activity of fullerenols. We compared the bioeffects of two Gd-containing fullerenols with a different number of oxygen groups—20 and 42: Gd@C82O20H14 and Gd@C82O42H32. The bioluminescent bacteria-based assay was applied to monitor the toxicity of fullerenols, bioluminescence was applied as a signal physiological parameter, and bacterial enzyme-based assay was used to evaluate the fullerenol effects on enzymatic intracellular processes. Chemiluminescence luminol assay was applied to monitor the content of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in bacterial and enzymatic media. It was shown that Gd@C82O42H32 and Gd@C82O20H14 inhibited bacterial bioluminescence at >10−1 and >10−2 gL−1, respectively, revealing a lower toxicity of Gd@C82O42H32. Low-concentration (10−3–10−1 gL−1) bacterial bioluminescence activation by Gd@C82O42H32 was observed, while this activation was not found under exposure to Gd@C82O20H14. Additional carboxyl groups in the structure of Gd@C82O42H32 were determined by infrared spectroscopy and confirmed by quantum chemical calculations. The groups were supposed to endow Gd@C82O42H32 with higher penetration ability through the cellular membrane, activation ability, lower toxicity, balancing of the ROS content in the bacterial suspensions, and lower aggregation in aqueous media.
Funder
State Assignment of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation Russian Science Foundation
Subject
Inorganic Chemistry,Organic Chemistry,Physical and Theoretical Chemistry,Computer Science Applications,Spectroscopy,Molecular Biology,General Medicine,Catalysis
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