Fluorinated Ethylene Propylene Coatings Deposited by a Spray Process: Mechanical Properties, Scratch and Wear Behavior

Abstract

To increase the lifetime of metallic molds and protect their surface from wear, a fluorinated ethylene propylene (FEP) polymer was coated onto a stainless-steel (SS304) substrate, using an air spray process followed by a heat treatment. The microstructural properties of the coating were studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) as well as X-ray diffraction. The mechanical properties and adhesion behavior were analyzed via a nanoindentation test and progressive scratching. According to the results, the FEP coating had a smooth and dense microstructure. The mechanical properties of the coatings, i.e., the hardness and Young’s modulus, were 57 ± 2.35 and 1.56 ± 0.07 GPa, respectively. During scratching, successive delamination stages (initiation, expansion, and propagation) were noticed, and the measured critical loads LC1 (3.36 N), LC2 (6.2 N), and LC3 (7.6 N) indicated a high adhesion of the FEP coating to SS304. The detailed wear behavior and related damage mechanisms of the FEP coating were investigated employing a multi-pass scratch test and SEM in various sliding conditions. It was found that the wear volume increased with an increase in applied load and sliding velocity. Moreover, the FEP coating revealed a low friction coefficient (around 0.13) and a low wear coefficient (3.1 × 10−4 mm3 N m−1). The investigation of the damage mechanisms of the FEP coating showed a viscoelastic plastic deformation related to FEP ductility. Finally, the coating’s resistance to corrosion was examined using electrochemical measurements in a 3.5 wt% NaCl solution. The coating was found to provide satisfactory corrosion protection to the SS304 substrate, as no corrosion was observed after 60 days of immersion.