K+-Responsive Crown Ether-Based Amphiphilic Copolymer: Synthesis and Application in the Release of Drugs and Au Nanoparticles

Abstract

Due to unique chelating and macrocyclic effects, crown ether compounds exhibit wide application prospects. They could be introduced into amphiphilic copolymers to provide new trigger mode for drug delivery. In this work, new amphiphilic random polymers of poly(lipoic acid-methacrylate-co-poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate-co-N-isopropylacrylamide-co-benzo-18-crown-6-methacrylamide (abbrev. PLENB) containing a crown ether ring and disulphide bond were synthesized via RAFT polymerization. Using the solvent evaporation method, the PLENB micelles were formed and then used to load substances, such as doxorubicin hydrochloride (DOX) and gold nanoparticles. The results showed that PLENB exhibited a variety of lowest critical solution temperature (LCST) in response to the presence of different ions, such as K+, Na+ and Mg2+. In particular, the addition of 150 mM K+ increased the LCST of PLENB from 31 to 37 °C and induced the release of DOX from the PLENB@DOX assemblies with a release rate of 99.84% within 12 h under 37 °C. However, Na+ and Mg2+ ions could not initiate the same response. Furthermore, K+ ions drove the disassembly of gold aggregates from the PLENB-SH@Au assemblies to achieve the transport of Au NPs, which is helpful to construct a K+-triggered carrier system.