Effects of Organic Based Heat Stabilizer on Properties of Polyvinyl Chloride for Pipe Applications: A Comparative Study with Pb and CaZn Systems

Abstract

In this paper, the effects of organic based stabilizers (OBS) are investigated and compared with traditional lead (Pb) and calcium zinc (CaZn) heat stabilizers regarding their processability, mechanical property, and thermal degradation behaviors in rigid PVC pipe applications. In addition, the effects of repeated processing cycles on the degree of gelation and the impact strength of the PVC/OBS, PVC/CaZn, and PVC/Pb are also examined. A repeated processing cycle of those three types of the heat stabilizers up to four cycles was found to increase the degree of gelation and proved no significant effect on the impact strength and heat resistance of the resulting PVC samples. The OBS showed a positive effect on preventing the autocatalytic-typed thermal degradation of the PVC samples. This leads to a longer retention time for the initial color change of the PVC/OBS compared to PVC/Pb or PVC/CaZn systems. This characteristic was related to a more uniform fusion behavior of the PVC/OBS, i.e., the lowest gelation speed and the longest fusion time. The non-isothermal kinetic parameter determined by the Kissinger and Flynn–Wall–Ozawa methods of the dehydrochlorination stage of the PVC/OBS was in satisfactory agreement and continued to compare with the PVC/Pb and PVC/CaZn systems. The results indicated that the OBS might decrease the dehydrochlorination rate of PVC, implying that PVC/OBS was more stable than PVC/Pb and PVC/CaZn systems.