Reusable and pH-Stable Luminescent Sensors for Highly Selective Detection of Phosphate

Abstract

Phosphate sensors have been actively studied owing to their importance in water environment monitoring because phosphate is one of the nutrients that result in algal blooms. As with other nutrients, seamless monitoring of phosphate is important for understanding and evaluating eutrophication. However, field-deployable phosphate sensors have not been well developed yet due to the chemical characteristics of phosphate. In this paper, we report on a luminescent coordination polymer particle (CPP) that can respond selectively and sensitively to a phosphate ion against other ions in an aquatic ecosystem. The CPPs with an average size of 88.1 ± 12.2 nm are embedded into membranes for reusable purpose. Due to the specific binding of phosphates to europium ions, the luminescence quenching behavior of CPPs embedded into membranes shows a linear relationship with phosphate concentrations (3–500 μM) and detection limit of 1.52 μM. Consistent luminescence signals were also observed during repeated measurements in the pH range of 3–10. Moreover, the practical application was confirmed by sensing phosphate in actual environmental samples such as tap water and lake water.