Immobilization of Collagen on the Surface of a PEEK Implant with Monolayer Nanopores

Abstract

Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) is the only polymer material that can replace titanium implants in the field of orthopedics. This is because the mechanical properties of PEEK are similar to those of bone, and PEEK has natural radiolucency, chemical stability, and sterilization resistance. Despite these advantages, PEEK has a disadvantage—that it is bio-inert. Therefore, many studies have attempted to change the bio-inertness of PEEK into bioactivity. Among them, a method of forming pores by acid treatment is attracting attention. In this study, an attempt was made to form pores on the surface of PEEK implant using a mixed acid of sulfuric acid and nitric acid. As a result, it was found that the condition when the PEEK surface is in contact with the acid is very important. That is, it was possible to form single-layered nanopores on the surface by contacting PEEK with a mixed acid under ultrasound. Additionally, by immobilizing type I collagen on the porous PEEK surface through dopamine coating, it was possible to obtain collagen-immobilized porous PEEK (P-PEEK-Col) with high compatibility with osteoblasts. This P-PEEK-Col has high potential for use as a bone substitute that promotes bone formation.