The Biomechanical Mechanism of Upper Airway Collapse in OSAHS Patients Using Clinical Monitoring Data during Natural Sleep

Abstract

Obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) is a common sleep disorder characterized by repeated pharyngeal collapse with partial or complete obstruction of the upper airway. This study investigates the biomechanics of upper airway collapse of OSASH patients during natural sleep. Computerized tomography (CT) scans and data obtained from a device installed on OSASH patients, which is comprised of micro pressure sensors and temperature sensors, are used to develop a pseudo three-dimensional (3D) finite element (FE) model of the upper airway. With consideration of the gravity effect on the soft palate while patients are in a supine position, a fluid–solid coupling analysis is performed using the FE model for the two respiratory modes, eupnea and apnea. The results of this study show that the FE simulations can provide a satisfactory representation of a patient’s actual respiratory physiological processes during natural sleep. The one-way valve effect of the soft palate is one of the important mechanical factors causing upper airway collapse. The monitoring data and FE simulation results obtained in this study provide a comprehensive understanding of the occurrence of OSAHS and a theoretical basis for the individualized treatment of patients. The study demonstrates that biomechanical simulation is a powerful supplementation to clinical monitoring and evaluation.