Recent Advances in Extracellular Vesicles in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Emergent Perspectives

Author:

Afonso Gonçalo J. M.123ORCID,Cavaleiro Carla123ORCID,Valero Jorge456ORCID,Mota Sandra I.123ORCID,Ferreiro Elisabete123ORCID

Affiliation:

1. CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal

2. Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal

3. III-Institute of Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, 3030-789 Coimbra, Portugal

4. Instituto de Neurociencias de Castilla y León, University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain

5. Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain

6. Department of Cell Biology and Pathology, University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain

Abstract

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a severe and incurable neurodegenerative disease characterized by the progressive death of motor neurons, leading to paralysis and death. It is a rare disease characterized by high patient-to-patient heterogeneity, which makes its study arduous and complex. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have emerged as important players in the development of ALS. Thus, ALS phenotype-expressing cells can spread their abnormal bioactive cargo through the secretion of EVs, even in distant tissues. Importantly, owing to their nature and composition, EVs’ formation and cargo can be exploited for better comprehension of this elusive disease and identification of novel biomarkers, as well as for potential therapeutic applications, such as those based on stem cell-derived exosomes. This review highlights recent advances in the identification of the role of EVs in ALS etiopathology and how EVs can be promising new therapeutic strategies.

Funder

European Regional Development Fund

Portuguese national funds

Publisher

MDPI AG

Subject

General Medicine

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