Effect of Cell Age and Membrane Rigidity on Red Blood Cell Shape in Capillary Flow

Author:

Nouaman Mohammed1ORCID,Darras Alexis1ORCID,John Thomas1ORCID,Simionato Greta12ORCID,Rab Minke A. E.34ORCID,van Wijk Richard3ORCID,Laschke Matthias W.2ORCID,Kaestner Lars15ORCID,Wagner Christian16ORCID,Recktenwald Steffen M.1ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Dynamics of Fluids, Department of Experimental Physics, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany

2. Institute for Clinical and Experimental Surgery, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany

3. Central Diagnostic Laboratory-Research, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands

4. Department of Hematology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands

5. Theoretical Medicine and Biosciences, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany

6. Physics and Materials Science Research Unit, University of Luxembourg, L-1511 Luxembourg, Luxembourg

Abstract

Blood flow in the microcirculatory system is crucially affected by intrinsic red blood cell (RBC) properties, such as their deformability. In the smallest vessels of this network, RBCs adapt their shapes to the flow conditions. Although it is known that the age of RBCs modifies their physical properties, such as increased cytosol viscosity and altered viscoelastic membrane properties, the evolution of their shape-adapting abilities during senescence remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the effect of RBC properties on the microcapillary in vitro flow behavior and their characteristic shapes in microfluidic channels. For this, we fractioned RBCs from healthy donors according to their age. Moreover, the membranes of fresh RBCs were chemically rigidified using diamide to study the effect of isolated graded-membrane rigidity. Our results show that a fraction of stable, asymmetric, off-centered slipper-like cells at high velocities decreases with increasing age or diamide concentration. However, while old cells form an enhanced number of stable symmetric croissants at the channel centerline, this shape class is suppressed for purely rigidified cells with diamide. Our study provides further knowledge about the distinct effects of age-related changes of intrinsic cell properties on the single-cell flow behavior of RBCs in confined flows due to inter-cellular age-related cell heterogeneity.

Funder

Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft

Marie Skłodowska-Curie

Deutsch-Französische-Hochschule

Saarland University

Publisher

MDPI AG

Subject

General Medicine

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