The Present and Future of Optic Pathway Glioma Therapy

Author:

Dal Bello Simone1ORCID,Martinuzzi Deborah2,Tereshko Yan1ORCID,Veritti Daniele2ORCID,Sarao Valentina2ORCID,Gigli Gian Luigi3,Lanzetta Paolo2ORCID,Valente Mariarosaria13

Affiliation:

1. Clinical Neurology Unit, Santa Maria della Misericordia University Hospital, 33100 Udine, Italy

2. Department of Medicine—Ophthalmology, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy

3. Department of Medical Area, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy

Abstract

Optic pathway gliomas (OPGs) encompass two distinct categories: benign pediatric gliomas, which are characterized by favorable prognosis, and malignant adult gliomas, which are aggressive cancers associated with a poor outcome. Our review aims to explore the established standards of care for both types of tumors, highlight the emerging therapeutic strategies for OPG treatment, and propose potential alternative therapies that, while originally studied in a broader glioma context, may hold promise for OPGs pending further investigation. These potential therapies encompass immunotherapy approaches, molecular-targeted therapy, modulation of the tumor microenvironment, nanotechnologies, magnetic hyperthermia therapy, cyberKnife, cannabinoids, and the ketogenic diet. Restoring visual function is a significant challenge in cases where optic nerve damage has occurred due to the tumor or its therapeutic interventions. Numerous approaches, particularly those involving stem cells, are currently being investigated as potential facilitators of visual recovery in these patients.

Publisher

MDPI AG

Subject

General Medicine

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