Impact of Maternal Pre-Pregnancy Underweight on Cord Blood Metabolome: An Analysis of the Population-Based Survey of Neonates in Pomerania (SNiP)

Author:

Lichtwald Alexander1,Ittermann Till2,Friedrich Nele34,Lange Anja Erika1,Winter Theresa3,Kolbe Claudia5,Allenberg Heike1,Nauck Matthias34ORCID,Heckmann Matthias16ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Department of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care, University Medicine Greifswald, 17475 Greifswald, Germany

2. Institute for Community Medicine, Division SHIP—Clinical Epidemiological Research, University Medicine Greifswald, 17475 Greifswald, Germany

3. Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, 17475 Greifswald, Germany

4. German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Greifswald, 17475 Greifswald, Germany

5. Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Medicine Greifswald, 17475 Greifswald, Germany

6. German Centre for Child and Adolescent Health (DZKL), Partner Site Greifswald/Rostock, 17475 Greifswald, Germany

Abstract

Intrauterine growth restriction leads to an altered lipid and amino acid profile in the cord blood at the end of pregnancy. Pre-pregnancy underweight is an early risk factor for impaired fetal growth. The aim of this study was to investigate whether a pre-pregnancy body mass index (ppBMI) of <18.5 kg/m2, as early as at the beginning of pregnancy, is associated with changes in the umbilical cord metabolome. In a sample of the Survey of Neonates in Pomerania (SNIP) birth cohort, the cord blood metabolome of n = 240 newborns of mothers with a ppBMI of <18.5 kg/m2 with n = 208 controls (ppBMI of 18.5–24.9 kg/m2) was measured by NMR spectrometry. A maternal ppBMI of <18.5 kg/m2 was associated with increased concentrations of HDL4 cholesterol, HDL4 phospholipids, VLDL5 cholesterol, HDL 2, and HDL4 Apo-A1, as well as decreased VLDL triglycerides and HDL2 free cholesterol. A ppBMI of <18.5 kg/m2 combined with poor intrauterine growth (a gestational weight gain (GWG) < 25th percentile) was associated with decreased concentrations of total cholesterol; cholesterol transporting lipoproteins (LDL4, LDL6, LDL free cholesterol, and HDL2 free cholesterol); LDL4 Apo-B; total Apo-A2; and HDL3 Apo-A2. In conclusion, maternal underweight at the beginning of pregnancy already results in metabolic changes in the lipid profile in the cord blood, but the pattern changes when poor GWG is followed by pre-pregnancy underweight.

Funder

Federal Ministry of Education and Research

Excellence Support Programme of the Federal State of Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania

Epidemiological Study on Childhood Cancer and Malformations in the Vicinity of Nuclear Power Plants

The medical faculty of the University of Greifswald

NMR spectrometry of the cord blood samples by the Community Medicine Steering Committee of the University Medicine Greifswald

Publisher

MDPI AG

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