Comparative Analysis of Plastome Sequences of Seven Tulipa L. (Liliaceae Juss.) Species from Section Kolpakowskianae Raamsd. Ex Zonn and Veldk.

Author:

Almerekova Shyryn12ORCID,Yermagambetova Moldir1ORCID,Ivaschenko Anna3,Turuspekov Yerlan12ORCID,Abugalieva Saule12ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan

2. Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan

3. Institute of Zoology, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan

Abstract

Tulipa L. is a genus of significant economic, environmental, and cultural importance in several parts of the world. The exact number of species in the genus remains uncertain due to inherent taxonomic challenges. We utilized next-generation sequencing technology to sequence and assemble the plastid genomes of seven Tulipa species collected in Kazakhstan and conducted a comparative analysis. The total number of annotated genes was 136 in all seven studied Tulipa species, 114 of which were unique, including 80 protein-coding, 30 tRNA, and 4 rRNA genes. Nine regions (petD, ndhH, ycf2-ycf3, ndhA, rpl16, clpP, ndhD-ndhF, rpoC2, and ycf1) demonstrated significant nucleotide variability, suggesting their potential as molecular markers. A total of 1388 SSRs were identified in the seven Tulipa plastomes, with mononucleotide repeats being the most abundant (60.09%), followed by dinucleotide (34.44%), tetranucleotide (3.90%), trinucleotide (1.08%), pentanucleotide (0.22%), and hexanucleotide (0.29%). The Ka/Ks values of the protein-coding genes ranged from 0 to 3.9286, with the majority showing values <1. Phylogenetic analysis based on a complete plastid genome and protein-coding gene sequences divided the species into three major clades corresponding to their subgenera. The results obtained in this study may contribute to understanding the phylogenetic relationships and molecular taxonomy of Tulipa species.

Funder

Science Committee of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Republic of Kazakhstan

Publisher

MDPI AG

Reference97 articles.

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2. Ivaschenko, A.A., and Belyalov, O.V. (2019). Kazakhstan is the Birthplace of Tulips, Atamura.

3. Botschantzeva, Z.P. (1962). Tulips: Taxonomy, Morphology, Cytology, Phytogeography, and Physiology, CRC Press. (English Edition Translated by Varekamp, H.Q. 1982).

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5. The Current State of Cenopopulations of Some Endemic and Rare Species of the Genus Tulipa L. (Liliaceae) in the Tashkent Region (Uzbekistan);Beshko;Arid Ecosyst.,2023

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