Photoplethysmography-Based Blood Pressure Monitoring Could Improve Patient Outcome during Anesthesia Induction

Abstract

During anesthesia, noncritical patients are routinely monitored via noninvasive cuff-based blood pressure (BP) monitors. Due to the noncontinuous nature of the monitoring, the BP values of the patient remain unavailable between consecutive cuff measurements, carrying the risk of missing rapid and sudden variations in BP. We evaluated the added value of using a photoplethysmography (PPG)-based continuous BP measurement device in addition to the standard cuff-based monitoring in a cohort of 40 patients in comparison with the current approach, in which only intermittent cuff-based measurements are available. When using a three-minute cuff measurement interval, using the PPG-based BP measurement in addition to the cuff-based monitor reduced the error (mean ± SD) of systolic (SBP) and mean (MBP) BP from 2.6 ± 19.6 mmHg and 1.2 ± 13.2 mmHg to 0.5 ± 11.2 mmHg and 0.0 ± 8.1 mmHg, respectively. Error grid analysis was also used to assess the improvement in patient safety. The additional use of the PPG-based BP measurement reduced the amount of data falling into higher risk categories. For SBP, points falling in the significant-, moderate-, and low-risk categories decreased from 1.1%, 8.7%, and 19.3% to 0.0%, 2.3%, and 9.6%, respectively. Similar results were obtained for MBP. These results suggest that using a PPG-based BP monitor—in addition to the standard cuff-based monitor—can improve patient safety during anesthesia induction, with no additional sensor needed.