Change of Direction Performance in Soccer Players: Comparison Based on Horizontal Force–Velocity Profile

Abstract

Background: The study aimed to analyze the relationship between the mechanical parameters of the horizontal force–velocity profile (Hzt FV profile) and performance over two different change of direction (COD) protocols (505test and modified 505test [M505test]) to assess the influence of mechanical parameters of Hzt FV profile on COD deficit (CODD) in soccer players among different categories. Methods: Seventy-seven soccer players, divided into playing levels, participated in the following assessments: Hzt FV profile, 505test and M505test. Spearman correlation coefficient (rs [p < 0.05]) and a linear regression model were used to determine the relationship between COD performance and mechanical parameters of sprint (maximum power output [Pmax], maximum horizontal force production [F0] and maximum velocity application [V0]). Results: Results suggest that: (1) V0 is highly correlated with 505test [Professional (rs = −0.682, p < 0.01); Amateurs (rs = −0.721, p < 0.01); U18DH (rs = −0.736, p < 0.01); U18LN (rs = −0.569, p < 0.01)]; (2) F0 is strongly correlated to M505test F0—M505test [Professional (rs = −0.468, p < 0.05); Amateurs (rs = −0.690, p < 0.01); U18DH (rs = −0.642, p < 0.01); U18LN (rs = −0.658, p < 0.01)]; and (3) significant differences were observed in Professionals vs. U18LN comparison [505test (U = −37.7, p = 0.000); M505test (U = −26.9, p = 0.000)]. Conclusions: A significant relationship exists between strength levels and COD performance depending on task demands. Horizontal force (F0) is crucial in statics COD, while high-speed force production (V0) is decisive in dynamics COD. Finally, higher-level players demonstrate greater efficiency in COD.