SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Cities from the Southern Region of Bahia State, Brazil: Analysis of Variables Associated in Both Individual and Community Level
Author:
da Silva Murillo Ferreira12, dos Santos Uener Ribeiro3ORCID, Ferreira Fabrício Barbosa13ORCID, Albuquerque George Rego14ORCID, Mariano Ana Paula Melo15, Fehlberg Hllytchaikra Ferraz14, Santos de Santana Íris Terezinha1, dos Santos Pérola Rodrigues12, Santos Luciano Cardoso14ORCID, Silva de Jesus Laine Lopes15, Piton Karoline Almeida1, Costa Beatriz Santos1, Gomes Beatriz Sena Moreira1, Porto Vinicius Moreira1, Oliveira Emanuelly da Silva1, Oliveira Cibele Luz1, Fontana Renato15, Maciel Bianca Mendes15ORCID, Silva Mylene de Melo15, Marin Lauro Juliano16, Gadelha Sandra Rocha125ORCID
Affiliation:
1. Laboratório de Farmacogenômica e Epidemiologia Molecular, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Ilhéus 45662-900, Brazil 2. Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Ilhéus 45662-900, Brazil 3. Laboratório de Imunobiologia, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Ilhéus 45662-900, Brazil 4. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência Animal, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Ilhéus 45662-900, Brazil 5. Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Ilhéus 45662-900, Brazil 6. Departamento de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Ilhéus 45662-900, Brazil
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), challenged public health systems worldwide. Individuals in low-income countries/regions are still at individual and community risk concerning inequality, sanitation, and economic conditions. Besides, during the pandemic, the transmission in municipalities and communities in the countryside and less developed regions kept viral spread and required structured and strengthened clinical and laboratory surveillance. Here, we present an observational, analytic, cross-sectional study conducted using secondary data from the Laboratório de Farmacogenômica e Epidemiologia Molecular (LAFEM)-Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz (UESC), to evaluate individual and community factors associated to SARS-CoV-2 infection in outpatients from different cities from Southern Region of Bahia State, in Brazil. The data were collected between June 2021 and May 2022. The SARS-CoV-2 positivity by RT-qPCR was correlated with low socio-economic indicators, including the Human development index (HDIc) and Average worker salary (AWSc). Besides, in general, females were less likely to test positive for SARS-CoV-2 (OR = 0.752; CI 95% 0.663–0.853; p < 0.0001), while brown individuals had more positivity for infection (p < 0.0001). In addition, those who had clinical symptoms were more likely to test positive for SARS-CoV-2 (OR = 6.000; CI 95% 4.932–7.299; p < 0.0001). Although dry cough, headache, and fever were the most frequent, loss of taste (OR = 5.574; CI 95% 4.334–7.186) and loss of smell (OR = 6.327; CI 95% 4.899–8.144) presented higher odds ratio to be positive to SARS-CoV-2 by RT-qPCR. Nonetheless, the distribution of these characteristics was not homogenous among the different cities, especially for age and gender. The dynamic of SARS-CoV-2 positivity differed between cities and the total population and reinforces the hypothesis that control strategies for prevention needed to be developed based on both individual and community risk levels to mitigate harm to individuals and the health system.
Funder
the Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel–Brazil Programa Laboratórios de Campanha do Ministério de Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação—MCTI/FINEP Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado da Bahia—Edital Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz
Subject
Virology,Infectious Diseases
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