Spectrophotometric Analysis of Coronal Discoloration In Vitro Induced by Bioceramic Cements

Abstract

The aim of this study was to evaluate and quantify, in vitro, the extent of coronal discoloration induced by bioceramic materials over time. In total, 44 human monoradicular teeth were divided into four groups (n = 11), according to the applied material: Negative control (NC); White MTA ProRoot® (WMTAP); Biodentine™ (BD); and TotalFill® BC RRM™ Putty (TF). Teeth were immersed in saline solution and incubated at 37 °C; the following periods of time were defined: before incubation: [t0]—without bioceramic material, t1—immediately after the bioceramic material placement; after incubation: t24h—24 h, t7d—7 days, and 30d—30 days. Descriptive and inferential statistical analysis were performed. Cochran’s Q test was used to evaluate coronal discoloration across the different groups, while the Kruskal–Wallis test was employed to determine differences in discoloration among the groups at each time interval. Additionally, the Friedman test was applied to analyze the variations in discoloration within each group over time. A significance level of 5% was set. All experimental groups revealed coronal discoloration over time: NC (p = 0.001), WMTAP (p < 0.001), BD (p = 0.001), and TF (p = 0.006). No significant differences were observed between groups for each time interval (p > 0.05). The WMTAP group varied the most considering the intervals [t0—t1] and [t24h—t7d] (p = 0.037) compared to the remaining experimental groups.