Aedes albopictus D7 Salivary Protein Prevents Host Hemostasis and Inflammation

Abstract

Mosquitoes inject saliva into the host skin to facilitate blood meal acquisition through active compounds that prevent hemostasis. D7 proteins are among the most abundant components of the mosquito saliva and act as scavengers of biogenic amines and eicosanoids. Several members of the D7 family have been characterized at the biochemical level; however, none have been studied thus far in Aedes albopictus, a permissive vector for several arboviruses that causes extensive human morbidity and mortality. Here, we report the binding capabilities of a D7 long form protein from Ae. albopictus (AlboD7L1) by isothermal titration calorimetry and compared its model structure with previously solved D7 structures. The physiological function of AlboD7L1 was demonstrated by ex vivo platelet aggregation and in vivo leukocyte recruitment experiments. AlboD7L1 binds host hemostasis agonists, including biogenic amines, leukotrienes, and the thromboxane A2 analog U-46619. AlboD7L1 protein model predicts binding of biolipids through its N-terminal domain, while the C-terminal domain binds biogenic amines. We demonstrated the biological function of AlboD7L1 as an inhibitor of both platelet aggregation and cell recruitment of neutrophils and eosinophils. Altogether, this study reinforces the physiological relevance of the D7 salivary proteins as anti-hemostatic and anti-inflammatory molecules that help blood feeding in mosquitoes.