Association of Receipt of Opioid Prescription for Acute Post-Delivery Pain Management with Buprenorphine Discontinuation among Postpartum People with Opioid Use Disorder

Author:

Hallet Taylor N.1,Zhu David T.12ORCID,Shadowen Hannah13,Thumma Lillia145,Marcus Madison M.1ORCID,Salisbury Amy6,Martin Caitlin E.145ORCID

Affiliation:

1. School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA

2. Medical Scientist Training Program, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA

3. Department of Health Behavior and Policy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA

4. Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA

5. Institute for Drug and Alcohol Studies, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA

6. School of Nursing, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA

Abstract

Buprenorphine is a safe and effective medication to treat opioid use disorder (OUD) in pregnant patients and is intended to be continued throughout pregnancy, delivery, and at least the one-year postpartum period. However, delivery often involves the need for acute pain management with opioid medications, such as after a cesarean section. For patients receiving buprenorphine, the provision of prescription opioids may negatively impact OUD treatment outcomes; however, not optimally managing acute pain may also impede OUD treatment benefit. Evidence is needed to disentangle the impacts of opioid prescription provision and methods of pain management in the immediate postpartum period on OUD treatment trajectories, ultimately to inform clinical guidelines tailored to the unique needs of pregnant and postpartum people receiving buprenorphine. Accordingly, this study took an initial step towards this goal to conduct a secondary analysis of a retrospective cohort of pregnant patients taking buprenorphine for OUD at the time of delivery (n = 142) to determine whether receipt of an opioid prescription at birth hospitalization discharge was associated with the time of buprenorphine discontinuation within the 12 months following delivery. Among the sample, 26% (n = 37) were prescribed an opioid at the time of birth hospitalization discharge. The number of weeks post-delivery until buprenorphine discontinuation occurred was shorter amongst patients who were prescribed an opioid (median 11 weeks) compared to patients who were not prescribed an opioid (median 39 weeks; p < 0.001 by Mann–Whitney U test). However, a Cox regression model reported that receipt of an opioid prescription following delivery did not significantly increase the hazard ratio for buprenorphine discontinuation. In other words, OUD patients not prescribed an opioid at birth hospitalization discharge continued their buprenorphine for a longer median duration after delivery compared to their counterparts who received prescription opioids; yet, this finding did not reach statistical significance when taking into account additional clinical variables. The findings indicate how further research is warranted to inform evidence-based post-delivery pain practices for postpartum OUD treatment patients.

Funder

Nation Institute on Drug Abuse

National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences

Publisher

MDPI AG

Reference19 articles.

1. Committee on Obstetric Practice (2017). Committee Opinion No. 711: Opioid Use and Opioid Use Disorder in Pregnancy. Obstet. Gynecol., 130, e81–e94.

2. Trost, S., Beauregard, J., Chandra, G., Njie, F., Berry, J., Harvey, A., and Goodman, D. (2022). Pregnancy-Related Deaths: Data from Maternal Mortality Review Committees in 36 US States, 2017–2019. Education, 45, Available online: https://www.cdc.gov/reproductivehealth/maternal-mortality/erase-mm/data-mmrc.html.

3. Postpartum Opioid-Related Mortality in Patients With Public Insurance;Suarez;Obstet. Gynecol.,2023

4. Methadone and buprenorphine discontinuation among postpartum women with opioid use disorder;Schiff;Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol.,2021

5. Psychiatric comorbidities and their treatment predict buprenorphine continuation among postpartum people with opioid use disorder;Shadowen;Drug Alcohol Depend. Rep.,2022

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