1. Division of Pharmacy, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute for Geriatrics and Gerontology, 35-2 Sakae-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-0015, Japan
2. Depertment of Pharmacoepidemiology, Showa University Graduate School of Pharmacy, 1-8-5, Hatanodai, Shinagawaku, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
3. Department of Social Pharmacy, Showa University Graduate School of Pharmacy, 1-8-5, Hatanodai, Shinagawaku, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
4. Division of Cardiology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute for Geriatrics and Gerontology, 35-2 Sakae-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-0015, Japan
5. Division of Elderly Care, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute for Geriatrics and Gerontology, 35-2 Sakae-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-0015, Japan
6. Frail Prevention Center, Training Center, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute for Geriatrics and Gerontology, 35-2 Sakae-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-0015, Japan