Early Mortality Risk in Acute Trauma Patients: Predictive Value of Injury Severity Score, Trauma Index, and Different Types of Shock Indices

Abstract

Objective: This study aimed to explore the predictive value of the Injury Severity Score (ISS), Trauma Index (TI) and different types of shock indices (SI) on the early mortality risk of acute trauma patients. Methods: Clinical data of acute trauma patients who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria of this study and were treated in the hospital from January 2020 to December 2020 were retrospectively collected, including gender, age, trauma mechanism, severe injury site, ISS, TI, admission vital signs, different types of shock indices (SI), death within 7 days, length of hospital stay, and Glasgow Outcome Score (GOS). The predictive value of the Injury Severity Score, Trauma Index, and different types of shock indices on the risk of early mortality in patients with acute trauma were compared using relevant statistical methods. Results: A total of 283 acute trauma patients (mean age 54.0 ± 17.9 years, 30.74% female) were included, and 43 (15.19%) of the patients died during 7 days of hospitalization. The admission ISS, TI, SI, MSI, and ASI in the survival group were significantly lower than those in the death group, and the difference was statistically significant (p < 0.05). Meanwhile, different trauma assessment tools included in the study have certain predictive value for early mortality risk of trauma patients. Conclusions: The TI indicates a better capability to predict the risk of early death in patients with acute trauma. As the most sensitive predictor, the SI has the greatest reference value in predicting the risk of early death in patients with traumatic shock.