Assessment of Dietary Habits Using the Diet Quality Index—International in Cerebrovascular and Cardiovascular Disease Patients

Abstract

Improvement of dietary habits is recommended for the management of cerebrovascular and cardiovascular diseases (CCVD). This study aimed to evaluate the dietary habits of CCVD patients and compare them with the general population by using the Diet Quality Index—International (DQI-I). Data from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (2013–2016) were used. Cardiovascular diseases included myocardial infarction, angina pectoris, and heart failure; and cerebrovascular diseases included stroke, cerebral infarction, and hemorrhage. In total, 12,683 subjects over 20 years old were included, comprising 718 CCVD patients and 11,965 non-CCVD subjects. Survey-weighted multiple linear regression analyses with adjustment for covariates were used to compare DQI-I scores. The mean total DQI-I scores for the CCVD and non-CCVD groups were 66.7 ± 9.2 and 67.8 ± 9.2, respectively. After adjusting for covariates, the CCVD group had DQI-I scores significantly lower than the non-CCVD group (coefficient −1.13, p-value = 0.011). In the analysis of each DQI-I component, the CCVD group had lower scores for variety (coefficient −0.54, p-value = 0.004) and adequacy (coefficient −0.86, p-value = 0.001). In this study, using nationally representative data, dietary habits of CCVD patients were shown to be lower in quality than non-CCVD subjects. Therefore, evaluation and education of adequate dietary habits are needed in the management of CCVD patients.