Evaluation of Self-Management Behaviors and Its Correlation with the Metabolic Syndrome among the Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients of Northern Saudi Arabia

Abstract

Self-management behavior among diabetes patients is essential to monitor blood sugar levels, make necessary lifestyle changes, and help patients reduce their risk of complications from diabetes. We assessed the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MS) and its association with self-management behavior and sociodemographic characteristics among 310 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) attending different diabetes care centers in northern Saudi Arabia. We evaluated the self-management behaviors of patients with T2DM using a validated Arabic version of the Summary of Diabetes Self-Care Activities Scale. Regarding MS, we applied the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Adult Treatment Plan–3 (ATP–3) guidelines. A logistic regression analysis was used to identify the predictors of MS. We found that more than one-third (36.5%) of patients had MS according to the NCEP ATP-3 criteria. The prevalence of MS was significantly associated with unsatisfactory self-management behaviors. Regarding sociodemographic predictors for MS, we found a significant association between gender (ref: female: Adjusted OR (AOR) = 1.89, 95%CI = 1.17–2.95, p = 0.007) and body mass index (ref.: normal range: AOR = 2.98, 95%CI = 1.31–5.07, p = 0.003). Our findings suggest a tailor-made multifaceted intervention to improve the self-management behaviors of T2DM patients, which, in turn, can reduce MS.