Metabolic Profiling of Streptomyces sp. Strain ess_amH1 Isolated from Apis mellifera yemintica’s Gut Microbiome, and Its Anticancer Activity against Breast Cancer (MCF7) and Hepatocarcinoma (HepG2) Cell Lines, as Well as Antimicrobial Activity

Abstract

Streptomyces is recognized as a crucial generator of bioactive molecules that benefit humanity, such as antibiotics and other medications. The Streptomyces strain obtained from the gut of Apis mellifera yemintica was utilized in this investigation to screen for antibacterial and antiproliferative activities using secondary metabolites. On the basis of morphological and molecular identification, the isolated strain ess_amH1 was confirmed as Streptomyces sp., and phylogenetic tree construction revealed 96% sequence similarity with Streptomyces griseus. The ethyl acetate solvent extract generated from the strain ess_amH1 demonstrated high antibacterial activity against ATCC bacterial pathogens, as well as pathogenic yeast, according to the disc diffusion assay. The ethyl acetate solvent extract also induced dose-dependent cytotoxicity in breast cancer and hepatocarcinoma cell lines, with IC50 concentrations at 50 and 75 µg/mL, respectively. The findings confirm that the Streptomyces sp. strain ess_amH1 isolated from a competitive symbiotic habitat, i.e., the gut of A. mellifera yemintica, produces promising bioactive chemicals.