1. FAST School of Computing, National University of Computer and Emerging Sciences, Karachi 75030, Pakistan
2. Faculty of Computing and Informatics, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Jalan UMS, Kota Kinabalu 88400, Sabah, Malaysia
3. Cyber Security Research Lab, Faculty of Computing and Informatics, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Jalan UMS, Kota Kinabalu 88400, Sabah, Malaysia
4. Creative Advanced Machine Intelligence Research Centre, Faculty of Computing and Informatics, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Jalan UMS, Kota Kinabalu 88400, Sabah, Malaysia
5. Department of Information Systems, College of Computer and Information Sciences, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia