Expression and Functional Analysis of the Smo Protein in Apis mellifera

Author:

Guo Lina1ORCID,Wang Jue1,Yu Diandian1,Zhang Yu1,Zhang Huiman1,Guo Yuan2

Affiliation:

1. College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, China

2. College of Horticulture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan 030031, China

Abstract

Smoothened (Smo) is a critical component regulating the Hedgehog signaling pathway. However, whether Smo is associated with the modulation of olfactory recognition capabilities of bees remains unclear. In this study, we amplified Smo from Apis mellifera. The coding sequence of Smo was 2952 bp long, encoded 983 amino acids. Smo was most highly expressed in the antennae. Cyclopamine (200 μg/mL) significantly reduced but purmorphamine (800 μg/mL) significantly increased Smo expression (p < 0.05). OR152 and OR2 expression in the cyclopamine group significantly decreased, whereas OR152 expression in the purmorphamine group significantly increased (p < 0.05). A significant decrease in the relative values of electroantennography was observed in the cyclopamine group exposed to neral. Behavioral tests indicated a significant decrease in the attractive rates of neral, VUAA1, linalool, and methyl heptenone in the cyclopamine group. Conversely, the selection rates of linalool and methyl heptenone in the purmorphamine group significantly increased. Our findings indicate that Smo may play a role in modulating olfactory receptors in bees.

Funder

China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA

Shanxi Provincial Applied Basic Research Program (Youth) Project

Publisher

MDPI AG

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