Developmental Biology and Identification of a Garden Pest, Otiorhynchus (Podoropelmus) smreczynskii Cmoluch, 1968 (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Entiminae), with Comments on Its Origin and Distribution
Author:
Gosik Rafał1, Sprick Peter2, Wrzesień Małgorzata3, Dzyr Agata4, Krstić Oliver5ORCID, Toševski Ivo56ORCID
Affiliation:
1. Department of Zoology and Nature Protection, Institute of Biological Sciences, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland 2. Curculio-Institute e.V. (CURCI), Weckenstraße 15, 30451 Hannover, Germany 3. Department of Botany, Mycology and Ecology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland 4. Independent Researcher, Kołłątaja 11/2, 24-100 Puławy, Poland 5. Institute for Plant Protection and Environment, Banatska 33, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia 6. CABI, Rue des Grillons 1, 2800 Delémont, Switzerland
Abstract
The mature larva and pupa of Otiorhynchus smreczynskii are described and illustrated with complete chaetotaxy for the first time. Five larval instars and the factors for larval growth are determined, and the larval development of this species is comprehensively described. In order to confirm species affiliation, selected larvae were subjected to genetic analysis (mtCOI). Host plants and unique feeding signs of some Entiminae species are presented, and all available data on development are documented and interpreted. Additionally, the morphometry of 78 specimens (48 of O. smreczynskii and 30 of O. rotundus) was examined in order to verify the usefulness of morphological features in distinguishing both species. The female genitalia of both species are illustrated, described and compared with each other for the first time. Finally, the updated distribution of O. smreczynskii is given, and a possible origin of O. smreczynskii and O. rotundus is proposed.
Funder
German Federal Agency for Agriculture and Food German Federal Ministry for Education and Research Ministry of Science, Technological Development, and Innovation of the Republic of Serbia
Reference59 articles.
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