Integrated Identification and Genetic Diversity of Potentially Invasive Clearwing Moths (Lepidoptera: Cossoidea: Sesiidae) in Korea

Author:

Kim Sora12ORCID,Jung Jong-Kook3ORCID,Park Ikju4,Lee Bong-Woo5,Kim Yong-Hun6

Affiliation:

1. Laboratory of Insect Phylogenetics and Evolution, Department of Plant Protection & Quarantine, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea

2. Department of Agricultural Convergence Technology, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea

3. Department of Forest Environment Protection, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea

4. Department of Entomology, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA

5. Gwangneung Forest Conservation Center, Korea National Arboretum, Pochoen 11186, Republic of Korea

6. Forest Pests & Diseases Control Division, Korea Forestry Promotion Institute, Dajeon 35209, Republic of Korea

Abstract

The populations of clearwing moth borers in Korea have recently caused extensive and severe damage to pin oaks (Quercus palustris Munchh.). We conducted field monitoring and molecular analyses to identify them in an integrated manner. Morphological examination and molecular analyses of the COI gene, based on intra- and interspecific genetic divergences (GDs), revealed that the borers were identified as two invasive species, Sphecodoptera sheni and Paranthrenella pinoakula sp. nov. The maximum intraspecific GD was found to be 1.9%, whereas the minimum interspecific GD was confirmed as 8.1%, indicating a distinct barcoding gap. Both the MJ network and NJ tree also showed that 18 haplotypes (Hs) were detected from the 52 COI sequences. The borers revealed a total of 17 Hs: (i) H1–H7 were detected in all seven regions with S. sheni; (ii) Wonju and Goyang populations of S. sheni revealed more than three Hs; (iii) H7 was closely connected with H8 of the Chinese population of S. sheni; (iv) H9–H10 were detected in other samples from the Wonju population with P. pinoakula sp. n. and were closely located with congeneric species. A maximum likelihood tree also revealed that P. pinoacula sp. n. nested within the congeneric species, genetically separating from S. sheni.

Funder

research funds for newly appointed professors of Jeonbuk National University

Korean Institute of Planning and Evaluation for Technology in Food, Agriculture and Forestry

Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs

Ministry of Environment (MOE) of the Republic of Korea

RandD Program for Forest Science Technology

Publisher

MDPI AG

Reference40 articles.

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2. The clearwing moths (Lepidoptera, Sesiidae) of Australia, New Guinea and the Pacific Islands;Kallies;Zootaxa,2020

3. Pühringer, F., and Kallies, A. (2024, January 10). Checklist of the Sesiidae of the World (Lepidoptera: Ditrysia). (Latest Update: 2-January-2024). Available online: https://www.sesiidae.net/Checklst.htm.

4. Lâstůvka, Z., and Lâstůvka, A. (2001). The Sesiidae of Europe, Apollo Books.

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