Rapid Identification of Aphid Species by Headspace GC-MS and Discriminant Analysis

Author:

Alotaibi Noura J.1,Alsufyani Taghreed2,M’sakni Nour Houda2ORCID,Almalki Mona A.2,Alghamdi Eman M.3ORCID,Spiteller Dieter4ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Department of Biology, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia

2. Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia

3. Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King AbdulAziz University, P.O. Box 80200, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia

4. Chemical Ecology/Biological Chemistry, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, 78457 Konstanz, Germany

Abstract

Aphids are a ubiquitous group of pests in agriculture that cause serious losses. For sustainable aphid identification, it is necessary to develop a precise and fast aphid identification tool. A new simple chemotaxonomy approach to rapidly identify aphids was implemented. The method was calibrated in comparison to the established phylogenetic analysis. For chemotaxonomic analysis, aphids were crushed, their headspace compounds were collected through closed-loop stripping (CLS) and analysed using gas chromatography—mass spectrometry (GC-MS). GC-MS data were then subjected to a discriminant analysis using CAP12.exe software, which identified key biomarkers that distinguish aphid species. A dichotomous key taking into account the presence and absence of a set of species-specific biomarkers was derived from the discriminant analysis which enabled rapid and reliable identification of aphid species. As the method overcomes the limits of morphological identification, it works with aphids at all life stages and in both genders. Thus, our method enables entomologists to assign aphids to growth stages and identify the life history of the investigated aphids, i.e., the food plant(s) they fed on. Our experiments clearly showed that the method could be used as a software to automatically identify aphids.

Funder

Deputyship for Research and Innovation, Ministry of Education in Saudi Arabia

Publisher

MDPI AG

Subject

Insect Science

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