Evaluation of a ‘Preventative’ Strategy to Manage Spider Mites on Almond

Abstract

Field experiments were conducted in two commercial almond orchards located in the southern San Joaquin Valley during 2016 and 2017 to evaluate a “preventative” strategy to manage spider mites. Pacific mite, Tetranychus pacificus McGregor, was identified as the only mite species infesting the experimental sites in both years. We monitored mites weekly in 3.6-hectare plots over approximately 21 weeks in 2016 and in 2017 using guidelines developed by the University of California. In late May, prior to the detection of mites, preventative acaricide treatments, abamectin, cyflumetofen, or etoxazole were applied to the experimental plots at a field rate. In 2016 and 2017, mite densities in all the treatments increased at early-July, peaked at mid-August, and were undetectable by late August. Preventative acaricide-treated plots in 2016 tended to have significantly lower mite densities than in the untreated control plots. Although in 2017, densities in the acaricide-treated plots tended to not significantly differ from control plots. Mite feeding injury, measured as mean cumulative mite-days, did not exceed the economic threshold during the experiment. The biological control agent, sixspotted thrips, Scolothrips sexmaculatus (Pergande) likely played a role in controlling mite populations at mid and late August. Our results indicate that a preventative strategy does not play a definitive role in T. pacificus management on almond. Additionally, acaricides with the active ingredient, abamectin, are heavily relied on as preventative treatments. We assessed populations of T. pacificus from the mid and southern San Joaquin Valley and found increased tolerance to a medium level of resistance to the acaricide.