The Impact of Ultraviolet-B Radiation on the Sugar Contents and Protective Enzymes in Acyrthosiphon pisum

Abstract

Natural and anthropogenic changes have been altering many environmental factors. These include the amount of solar radiation reaching the Earth’s surface. However, the effects of solar radiation on insect physiology have received little attention. As a pest for agriculture and horticulture, aphids are one of the most difficult pest groups to control due to their small size, high fecundity, and non-sexual reproduction. Study of the effects of UV-B radiation on aphid physiology may provide alternative control strategies in pest management. In this study, we examined the effects of UV-B radiation on protein and sugar contents, as well as the activities of protective enzymes, of the red and green morphs of the pea aphid over eight generations. The results indicated a significant interaction between UV-B radiation and aphid generations. Exposure of the pea aphids to UV-B radiation caused a significant decrease in the protein content and a significant increase in the glycogen and trehalose contents at each generation as measured in whole aphid bioassays. The enzyme activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and catalase (CAT) of the pea aphids changed significantly at each generation with UV-B treatments. The SOD activity increased over eight generations to the highest level at G7 generation. However, the enzyme activity of CAT first increased and then decreased with UV-B treatments, and POD mostly gradually decreased over the eight generations. Therefore, UV-B radiation is an environmental factor that could result in physiological changes of the pea aphid. Moreover, our study discovered that red and green aphids did not display a significant consistent difference in the response to the UV-B treatments. These results may prove useful in future studies especially for assessing their significance in the adaptation and management against UV-B radiation.