Affiliation:
1. Regional Center of Excellence for Sustainable Cities in Africa (Cervida-Dounedon), University of Lomé, Lomé 01BP1515, Togo
2. Department of Civil Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique de Lomé (EPL/UL), University of Lomé, Lomé 01BP1515, Togo
3. Renewable Natural Resources Management Section, Higher Institute of Agronomic Studies of Bengamisa, Kisangani BP 2012, Democratic Republic of the Congo
4. Laboratory of Ecology and Forest Management, Faculty of Sciences, University of Kisangani, Kisangani BP 2012, Democratic Republic of the Congo
Abstract
The cement industry, a key player in globalization and urbanization, has replaced traditional shelters with modern buildings, raising environmental concerns. This study examines the use of cement in construction in Togo, its impact on residents’ thermal comfort, and adaptation strategies for sustainable construction and well-being. The research was conducted in Lomé, Atakpamé, and Kara through documentary research, photography, household surveys, interviews, and temperature recordings, involving 646 households and nine interviews. Findings reveal a high use of cement due to availability, ease of use, strength, affordability, and aesthetics. Cement houses are generally less comfortable than earthen houses, particularly in hot climates. Lomé and Kara experience higher discomfort, while Atakpamé has lower discomfort despite cement dominance. Thermal comfort varies more during the day. Residents adopt strategies like sleeping outside, wearing light clothing, installing awnings and false ceilings, planting trees, staying hydrated, taking cool showers, and ventilating rooms.
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