Highlighting the Role of Archaea in Urban Mine Waste Exploitation and Valorisation
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Published:2023-02-04
Issue:1
Volume:8
Page:20
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ISSN:2313-4321
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Container-title:Recycling
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language:en
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Short-container-title:Recycling
Author:
Abdel Azim Annalisa1ORCID, Bellini Ruggero1ORCID, Vizzarro Arianna12, Bassani Ilaria1, Pirri Candido Fabrizio13, Menin Barbara14ORCID
Affiliation:
1. Centre for Sustainable Future Technologies, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Livorno 60, 10144 Turin, Italy 2. Department of Environment, Land and Infrastructure Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Turin, Italy 3. Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Turin, Italy 4. Istituto di Biologia e Biotecnologia Agraria, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Alfonso Corti 12, 20133 Milan, Italy
Abstract
E-materials become e-waste once they have been discarded without the intent of reuse. Due to its rich content of metals, among which many are Critical Raw Materials (CRMs), e-waste can be considered an urban mine to exploit and valorise. Common metal refining is performed by energy-intensive processes frequently based on the use of fossil fuel. Bio-metallurgy is a promising alternative for e-waste valorisation based on biological routes of specialised microorganisms able to leach solid-containing metals. Because of the physiology of these microorganisms, microbial leaching can be economically feasible, besides being an environmentally sustainable process. Like Bacteria and Fungi, Archaea are also capable of metal leaching activity, though their potential is underestimated. Among them, the extremophiles are the most studied and applied in the field of metal recovery, while mesophilic species are less common but still of high interest. Here we provide the state of industrial application of bio-metallurgy and report on the state of the art of Archaea exploitation in metal recovery from e-waste. Moreover, we give a special highlight to methanogenic archaea, which are able to convert CO2 into methane in order to highlight the potential for the valorisation of CO2-rich industrial streams generated by key processes (i.e., anaerobic digestion, concrete, and steel production) in CH4 for gas grid distribution, while making metals content in e-waste available again as raw material.
Subject
Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law,Waste Management and Disposal,General Materials Science
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