Primary Mode of Action of the Novel Sulfonamide Fungicide against Botrytis cinerea and Field Control Effect on Tomato Gray Mold

Abstract

Botrytis cinerea is considered an important plant pathogen and is responsible for significant crop yield losses. With the frequent application of commercial fungicides, B. cinerea has developed resistance to many frequently used fungicides. Therefore, it is necessary to develop new kinds of fungicides with high activity and new modes of action to solve the increasingly serious problem of resistance. During our screening of fungicide candidates, one novel sulfonamide compound, N-(2-trifluoromethyl-4-chlorphenyl)-2-oxocyclohexyl sulfonamide (L13), has been found to exhibit good fungicidal activity against B. cinerea. In this work, the mode of action of L13 against B. cinerea and the field control effect on tomato gray mold was studied. L13 had good control against B. cinerea resistant to carbendazim, diethofencarb, and iprodione commercial fungicides in the pot culture experiments. SEM and TEM observations revealed that L13 could cause obvious morphological and cytological changes to B. cinerea, including excessive branching, irregular ramification or abnormal configuration, and the decomposition of cell wall and vacuole. L13 induced more significant electrolyte leakage from hyphae than procymidone as a positive control. L13 had only a minor effect on the oxygen consumption of intact mycelia, with 2.15% inhibition at 50 μg/mL. In two locations over 2 years, the field control effect of L13 against tomato gray mold reached 83% at a rate of 450 g ai ha−1, better than the commercial fungicide of iprodione. Moreover, toxicological tests demonstrated the low toxicological effect of L13. This research seeks to provide technical support and theoretical guidance for L13 to become a real commercial fungicide.