Abstract
Nociceptive threshold (NT) testing is widely used for the study of pain and its alleviation. The end point is a normal behavioural response, which may be affected by restraint or unfamiliar surroundings, leading to erroneous data. Remotely controlled thermal and mechanical NT testing systems were developed to allow free movement during testing and were evaluated in cats, dogs, sheep, horses and camels. Thermal threshold (TT) testing incorporated a heater and temperature sensor held against the animal’s shaved skin. Mechanical threshold (MT) testing incorporated a pneumatic actuator attached to a limb containing a 1–2 mm radiused pin pushed against the skin. Both stimuli were driven from battery powered control units attached on the animal’s back, controlled remotely via infra-red radiation from a handheld component. Threshold reading was held automatically and displayed digitally on the unit. The system was failsafe with a safety cut-out at a preset temperature or force as appropriate. The animals accepted the equipment and behaved normally in their home environment, enabling recording of reproducible TT (38.5–49.8 °C) and MT (2.7–10.1 N); precise values depended on the species, the individual and the stimulus characteristics. Remote controlled NT threshold testing appears to be a viable refinement for pain research.
Subject
General Veterinary,Animal Science and Zoology
Reference44 articles.
1. Animal models of nociception;Le Bars;Pharmacol. Rev.,2001
2. Effect of PEA-OXA on neuropathic pain and functional recovery after sciatic nerve crush
3. Olfactory exposure to males, including men, causes stress and related analgesia in rodents
4. A method for measurement of analgesic activity on inflamed tissue;Randall;Arch. Int. Pharmacodyn. Ther.,1957
5. The measurement of pain; prototype for the quantitative study of subjective responses;Beecher;Pharmacol. Rev.,1957
Cited by
6 articles.
订阅此论文施引文献
订阅此论文施引文献,注册后可以免费订阅5篇论文的施引文献,订阅后可以查看论文全部施引文献