An Overview of Nonstandard Signals in Cosmological Data

Author:

Alestas GeorgeORCID,Kraniotis George V.ORCID,Perivolaropoulos LeandrosORCID

Abstract

We discuss in a unified manner many existing signals in cosmological and astrophysical data that appear to be in some tension (2σ or larger) with the standard ΛCDM as defined by the Planck18 parameter values. The well known tensions of ΛCDM include the H0 tension the S8 tension and the lensing (Alens) CMB anomaly. There is however, a wide range of other, less standard signals towards new physics. Such signals include, hints for a closed universe in the CMB, the cold spot anomaly indicating non-Gaussian fluctuations in the CMB, the hemispherical temperature variance assymetry and other CMB anomalies, cosmic dipoles challenging the cosmological principle, the Lyman-α forest Baryon Accoustic Oscillation anomaly, the cosmic birefringence in the CMB, the Lithium problem, oscillating force signals in short range gravity experiments etc. In this contribution present the current status of many such signals emphasizing their level of significance and referring to recent resources where more details can be found for each signal. We also briefly mention some possible generic theoretical approaches that can collectively explain the non-standard nature of these signals. In many cases, the signals presented are controversial and there is currently debate in the literature on the possible systematic origin of some of these signals. However, for completeness we refer to all the signals we could identify in the literature citing also references that dispute their physical origin.

Publisher

MDPI AG

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